“十五”环境规划编制方法的改革

在分析中长期环境规划发展趋势的基础上,结合可持续发展的要求,从6个方面探讨了“十五”环境规划编制方法的改革与创新的具体方案。     

等效数值模型用于污水综合排放级别划分研究

依据国家污水综合排放标准 ( GB8978-1 996) ,建立了多污染成分的污水排放级别的等效数值模型 ,应用表明 :该模型符合实际 ,对污水排放的环境管理具有重要的意义     

特征分析方法优化大气监测布点及MATLAB语言实现

提出了运用特征分析方法优化大气监测布点,并介绍了该方法的MATLAB语言实现过程。应用于大气监测优化布点的实例结果表明,该方法用于监测优化布点是可靠的。     

真空紫外辐照法降解水中丁基黄原酸钾的影响因素及动力学模型

黄原酸盐是常用的有色金属硫化矿浮选剂，进入环境后会造成潜在风险.本文以丁基黄原酸钾（PBX）为目标污染物，在比较真空紫外辐照法（VUV）、曝气（Aeration）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）氧化和次氯酸钠（NaClO）氧化处理对PBX降解效果的基础上，深入研究反应温度、初始pH值、初始底物浓度及共存离子对效果最优的VUV法降解PBX的影响，探明影响VUV降解PBX的关键因素并建立动力学模型.结果表明，对初始浓度为20 mg·L^-1的PBX进行VUV、NaClO氧化、H₂O₂氧化和曝气处理60 min后，VUV处理效果最优（PBX降解率为97.49%），随后依次为H₂O₂氧化、NaClO氧化和曝气处理.在VUV处理过程中，反应温度和初始pH的升高促进了PBX降解，随着PBX初始浓度增加降解速率常数（k_C）减小.溶液中共存的CO₃^2-、SiO₃^2-促进了PBX降解，Ca²⁺则抑制了PBX降解.反应温度和初始pH值是影响PBX降解的关键因素，基于这两个因素建立了PBX降解的模型方程.从经济有效的角度综合考虑，反应温度35℃、pH=8、合适的阴离子（SiO₃^2-、CO₃^2-）及其浓度有利于促进VUV降解PBX.研究结果为选矿废水有机污染物的处理提供了新思路.     

基于遗传算法的人工神经网络大气环境评价

人工神经网络模拟大脑的认知功能,通过改变连接点的权值和阈值来训练神经网络完成特定的功能。运用基于遗传算法的BP网络模型,以国家大气质量标准作为网络的输入样本对网络进行训练,对某地区大气质量进行评价,结果与综合指数法比较吻合。     

A new design of groundwater sampling device and its application

Compounds in the atmosphere contaminate samples of groundwater. An inexpensive and simple method for collecting groundwater samples is developed to prevent contamination when the background concentration of contaminants is high. This new design of groundwater sampling device involves a glass sampling bottle with a Teflon-lined valve at each end. A cleaned and dried sampling bottle was connected to a low flow-rate peristaltic pump with Teflon tubing and was filled with water. No headspace volume was remained in the sampling bottle. The sample bottle was then packed in a PVC bag to prevent the target component from infiltrating into the water sample through the valves. In this study, groundwater was sampled at six wells using both the conventional method and the improved method. The analysis of trichlorofluoromethane（ CFC-11 ） concentrations at these six wells indicates that all the groundwater samples obtained by the conventional sampling method were contaminated by CFC-11 from the atmosphere. The improved sampling method greatly eliminated the problems of contamination, preservation and quantitative analysis of natural water.     

欧拉观测的大气扩散参数计算方法探析及应用

根据湍流扩散统计理论，讨论了利用欧拉观测的风速资料求解正态扩散模式中大气扩散参数的计算方法及其实现，并以海南洋埔开关区各稳定度大气扩散参数的计算为实例作了分析。     

Heavy metal adsorption on the Le An River sediment —The adsorption model

In this study,the surface properties and adsorption properties of the Le An River sediment were modelled via surface complexation approach.The model parameters were determined based on the data of our potentiometric titration experiments and the metal adsorption experiments with the Le An River sediment samples.Consequently,the surface complexation models for the natural sediment,in our case the Le An River sediments,which can interpret the experimental data very well were successfully established.Three typical surface complexation models that is the constant capacitance model,the diffuse layer model and the triple layer model,were considered in this research.This work indicated that the consistency and the interdependency among model parameters together with the selection of the surface adsorbed species should be emphasized.     

氢氧化钠吸收—盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定污染源废气中的氮氧化物

对非稳态工艺废气中氮氧化物的监测 ,目前的监测方法无法获得准确满意的结果 .氢氧化钠吸收—盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法监测 ,可以延长采样时间 ,扩大测定范围 ,消除了推荐、试行方法中的有关缺陷     

大气环境质量评价的灰色聚类法

运用灰色聚类法对西安地区文物古迹的大气环境质量进行了评价，并与综合指数方法作了比较．结果表明，灰色聚类法不仅注意到分级界限的模糊性，而且信息利用率和精度均有较大幅度的提高．因此，利用灰色聚类法评价大气环境质量，方法简便，结论更能反映实际的大气污染现状．